Social Security benefits primarily rely on an individual’s work history and accumulated credits, but there are pathways for spouses who have never worked to receive benefits based on their partner’s earnings.
This allows families to share the financial security provided by Social Security, even if one partner does not meet the usual work credit requirements. Let’s look into how spouses can qualify and what to expect.
Eligibility
A spouse who has never worked can qualify for Social Security spousal benefits if their partner has earned at least 40 work credits (approximately 10 years of work). The primary requirements include:
- The working spouse must have applied for retirement benefits.
- The non-working spouse must be at least 62 years old.
Qualifying Children
Spouses under 62 may still qualify if they care for a qualifying child, which includes:
- Children under the age of 16.
- Children receiving disability benefits.
In such cases, benefits may begin earlier without a reduction, as the spousal benefit is tied to the caregiving role rather than age.
Benefit Amounts
A spouse can receive up to 50% of the working spouse’s Primary Insurance Amount (PIA)—the monthly benefit the working spouse is entitled to at their Full Retirement Age (FRA).
For example, if the working spouse’s PIA is $2,000, the spousal benefit could be as high as $1,000 per month.
Early Collection
If a spouse claims benefits before reaching FRA, the benefit amount is reduced. The reduction depends on how early the spouse begins collecting. However, spouses caring for a qualifying child receive the full 50% amount, regardless of their age.
Payment
- Family benefits do not reduce the worker’s retirement amount. The working spouse will continue receiving their full benefit, and the spousal benefit is an additional payment.
- The average spousal benefit as of October 2024 is approximately $910 per month, but this amount varies based on the worker’s earnings record and the spouse’s age.
How to Apply
- Confirm Eligibility: Ensure the working spouse has filed for benefits and meets the required work credits.
- Verify Spouse’s Age or Caregiving Role: The non-working spouse must be either at least 62 or caring for a qualifying child.
- Submit an Application: Apply for benefits through the Social Security Administration (SSA) website or by visiting a local SSA office.
Documents Required
- Proof of marriage (e.g., marriage certificate).
- Birth certificates for both spouses.
- The working spouse’s Social Security number.
- Proof of U.S. citizenship or lawful immigration status.
Final Thoughts
Social Security spousal benefits offer a vital safety net for those who haven’t worked or earned enough credits. Whether you’re a stay-at-home parent, a caregiver, or someone whose work wasn’t covered by Social Security, you can still qualify for benefits if your spouse meets the criteria. Taking the time to know your eligibility and the application process can help you maximize this financial resource.
FAQs
Can a spouse who never worked get Social Security?
Yes, if their partner qualifies for retirement benefits.
What is the minimum age to receive spousal benefits?
Spouses must be at least 62, unless caring for a qualifying child.
How much is the average spousal benefit?
As of October 2024, it is approximately $910 per month.
Does a spousal benefit reduce the worker’s benefit?
No, the worker’s benefit is not affected by spousal payments.
What percentage of the worker’s benefit can a spouse receive?
Spouses can receive up to 50% of the worker’s Primary Insurance Amount.
